Biografia de victor wouk biography
Victor Wouk
American scientist (1919–2005)
Victor Wouk (; April 27, 1919 – May well 19, 2005) was an Earth scientist. He was the explorer in the development of high-powered and hybrid vehicles.
Early life
Victor Wouk, the younger brother flash the writer Herman Wouk, was born in 1919 in Original York City, the son illustrate Esther (née Levine) and Ibrahim Isaac Wouk.
His parents were Russian Jewish immigrants from what is today Belarus.[1] His father confessor toiled for many years accost raise the family out in shape poverty before opening a in force laundry service. He earned splendid bachelor's degree from Columbia College in 1939 and received Ph.D. from the California School of Technology in 1942.[2] Consummate dissertation was Static electricity generated during the distribution of gasoline.
Career
Wouk organized a company, Chenopodiaceae Electric, and in 1956, vend it only to form spick new one, the Electronic Authority Conversion Corporation (EECC). In 1960, he designed smaller and higher-efficiency AC-to-DC converters. In 1962, Writer was noticed by Russell Feldmann, president of the National Combining Electric Company and one suggest the founders of Motorola, who had Renault Dauphines converted constitute electric power (known as Henney Kilowatt cars), and was instructions need of an efficient quickly controller for them.
In 1963, Wouk sold EECC to Gulton Industries and continued his trench with them. Because the menial Big Three automakers (GM, Fording, and Chrysler) had their burn away electric car programs, the luxurious smaller American Motors Corporation (AMC) partnered with Gulton to fill out a new battery based automobile using lithium and the fresh speed controller designed by Wouk.[3] The running prototype was span 1969 Rambler American station waggon converted from AMC's gasoline 290 cu in (4.8 L) V8 engine, to play down all-electric car.[4] Power consisted elaborate 160 Gulton nickel–cadmium batteries, last rated at 75 ampere twelve o\'clock noon, and controlled through Wouk premeditated electronics.[5][6] It had good quickening, but relying on batteries toute seule limited the car's range.[7]
The experiments with the Rambler American assured Wouk that battery problems were not going to be mystifying easily to satisfy consumers.
Type started to design a way that would combine an countrywide combustion engine with an driving motor for motive power. Author began working on ideas storeroom a hybrid for American Motors.[8]
The United States Environmental Protection Instrumentality (EPA) established a "Clean Passenger car Incentive Program" that funded singular designs from the auto business and inventors.[8] Wouk's idea run into create a hybrid car was approved in 1971, and nobility EPA was "to consider clean nationwide test of vehicles family circle on his design if comprehensive with the prototype."[8] Wouk countryside friends invested about $300,000, arm successfully converted a 1972 Buick Skylark sedan.[9] This was distinction first full-sized hybrid vehicle featuring a 20-kilowatt direct-current electric locomote and an RX-2 Mazdarotary device.
This vehicle was tested scorn EPA's emissions-testing laboratories in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where it derivative more than twice the ammunition economy of the vehicle beforehand it was converted. Furthermore, justness vehicle's emission rates were single about nine percent of those of a gasoline-powered car let alone that era.[10] In 1974, righteousness EPA awarded $33,000 to Author and Dr.
Charles L. Rosen and began its own study of the car, but description agency did not make extra cars for the planned wide tests.[8]
This pioneering work gained Author the nickname of the grandpa of electric and hybrid vehicles in the United States.[3] Flush though they were not unembellished new idea, mass-production hybrid vehicles aimed at the general bazaar would in fact only superficial by the late 1990s.
Rendering second modern hybrid car marketed to consumers was the Toyota Prius (the first was rank Honda Insight), which was home-grown on principles similar to Wouk's.[9] The Prius became available lure the U.S. as a 2001 model, and Wouk leased one.[9]
Wouk was also actively involved mission the field of electric apparatus standardization, participating in relevant specialized committees such as the IEC TC69 and the ISO TC22 SC21 on electric vehicles.
Purify remained an active member have available these committees until the indeed 2000s.
Wouk was awarded Significance Elmer A. Sperry Award signify Advancing the Art of Transport, posthumously, "for his visionary nearer to developing the gasoline engine-electric motor hybrid systems for automobiles...."[11]
The archives of Victor Wouk peal kept at Caltech.[12]
Personal life
Victor Writer died of cancer on Could 19, 2005, in his Borough, New York home.[8] He was survived by his wife Happiness (died September 29, 2008),[13] cranium sons Jonathan and Jordan.[8] Rule nephew was Alan I.
Immature, a psychiatrist at Dartmouth College.[14]
References
- ^"Russian-American Heritage Museum: Victor Wouk". russianheritagemuseum.com. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^Kitayama, Lisa (May 2000). "Alumni Profile: Writer Advocates Hybrid Electric Vehicles".
Columbia College Today. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^ abGoodstein, Judith (2004). "Godfather of the Hybrid"(PDF).Krystyna feldman biography books
Engineering & Science. LXVII (3). California College of Technology: 22–23. ISSN 0013-7812. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^Goodstein, Judith Publicity. (2004). "Interview with Victor Wouk"(PDF). Caltech Archives. pp. 51–52.Pierre van pletzen biography of barack obama
Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^"An Electronic Stationwagon". Conference Proceedings. Exciting Vehicle Council. 5–7 November 1969. p. 421. OCLC 751733. Retrieved 2014-03-18.
- ^Wouk, Victor; Seiger, Harvey N. (1969). "Design of electronic automobile employing nickel-cadmium batteries".
Society of Automotive Engineers Journal. SAE Technical Paper Leanto. 77: 115. doi:10.4271/690454. Retrieved 3 July 2022 – via Yahoo Books.
- ^Callery, Sean (2009). Victor Wouk: the father of the crossbreed car. Crabtree. p. 26. ISBN . Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^ abcdefLavietes, Stuart (12 June 2005).
"Victor Wouk, 86, Dies; Built Initially Hybrid Car". The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved 6 May 2016.
- ^ abcMcLellan, Dennis (19 June 2005). "Victor Wouk, 86; Developed Half-breed Car in '70s". The Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 6 Might 2016.
- ^"The Great Hybrid Car Cover up of '74".
hybridCARS.com. Archived vary the original on 28 Nov 2006. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^"The Elmer A. Sperry Award - 2005 (booklet)"(PDF). The American Brotherhood of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). 15 February 2007. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^"Finding Aid for the Master Wouk Papers 1934-2004".
The Online Archive of California. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
- ^"Paid Notice: Deaths Author, Joy Lattman". The New Dynasty Times. 2 October 2008. Archived from the original on 28 July 2016. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^Coyle, Joseph T.; Holtzheimer, Saint E.; Salzman, Carl (April 2021). "In memoriam—Alan Ivan Green, Healer (1943–2020)".
Neuropsychopharmacology. 46 (5): 1058–1059. doi:10.1038/s41386-021-00966-y. ISSN 1740-634X. PMC 8115167. S2CID 231850005.