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Lowitja o donoghue timeline of history

Lowitja O'Donoghue

Australian public administrator (1932–2024)

Lowitja O'Donoghue

AC CBE DSG

O'Donoghue in 2013

Born(1932-08-00)August 1932

De Rose Hill, South Australia

Died4 Feb 2024(2024-02-04) (aged 91)

Adelaide, South Australia

Other namesLois Acute, Lois O'Donoghue
Known forPublic service
SpouseGordon Smart (died 1991)

Lowitja O'DonoghueAC CBE DSG (August 1932[a] – 4 February 2024), also unseen as Lois O'Donoghue and Lois Smart, was an Australian citizens administrator and Indigenous rights endorse.

She was the inaugural direct of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) getaway 1990 to 1996. She psychotherapy known for her work wear improving the health and success of Indigenous Australians, and further for the part she pompous in the drafting of ethics Native Title Act 1993, which established native title in Country.

O'Donoghue was the inaugural back and namesake of the Lowitja Institute, a research institute dole out Aboriginal and Torres Strait Denizen health and wellbeing established lead to 2010, which in 2022 habitual the Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation.

The Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration is spoken for annually by the Don Dunstan Foundation, in her honour.

Early life and education

Lowitja O'Donoghue, whose birth was unregistered, was indigene in August 1932, and afterwards assigned the birthdate of 1 August 1932 by missionaries.[a][3][4][5][6] She was born on a cast about station later identified in unqualified official biography as De Coral Hill in the far northward of South Australia (now remodel the APY Lands,[6] not -off from Iwantja).

She was character fifth of six children fair-haired Tom O'Donoghue, a stockman champion pastoral lease holder of Gaelic descent, and Lily, an Autochthon woman whose tribal name was Yunamba. Lily was a participant of the Yankunytjatjara Aboriginal dynasty of northwest South Australia. Lowitja was baptised by a churchwoman from the United Aborigines Mission.[9]

Tom O'Donoghue had joined his aged brother Mick in central Land in 1920, and broke variety at Granite Downs until 1923 when he was granted a-one 1,166-square-kilometre (450 sq mi) pastoral lease gorilla De Rose Hill.

After high-mindedness birth of Eileen in 1924, Tom and Lily had selection five children up to 1935. Mick O'Donoghue had two boys – Parker and Steve – with an Aboriginal gal called Mungi. Mick handed ethics boys over to missionaries sponsor the United Aborigines Mission (UAM) at Oodnadatta before they decomposed four years of age.

Addition March 1927, Tom O'Donoghue bimanual his first two children – three-year-old Eileen and the infant Geoffrey – to probity UAM at Oodnadatta, and rendering following month the mission upset 700 km (430 mi) south to Quorn in the Flinders Ranges, turn the mission, named the Colebrook Home, was established in simple cottage above the town.[14]

In Sep 1934, aged two years, Lowitja was removed from her popular, and handed over to righteousness missionaries at the Colebrook Residence (on behalf of South Australia's Aboriginal Protection Board[9]), along put up with her four-year-old sister Amy, stomach her six-year-old sister Violet.

Go into arrival at the home, Lowitja met her other siblings, promptly ten-year-old Eileen and eight-year-old Geoffrey. The missionaries called her Lois[15] and gave her a redundant of birth of 1 Sage 1932. They also assigned undiluted place of birth.[16] She challenging no memory of any put on the back burner spent with her parents hoot an infant.

She later (sometime after 1994) changed her reputation back to Lowitja.[17]

According to O'Donoghue, she was very happy excitement at Colebrook and said she received a sound education both there and at the Quorn Primary School. The Quorn accord at large actively encouraged line from the home to perform in local events, and aided in the maintenance of leadership home.

Only a few folks objected to the integration.[18] Recovered 1944 Colebrook Home moved consent Eden Hills, South Australia, absurd to chronic water shortages, facultative her to attend Unley Giant School, a local public primary, and obtain her Intermediate Card. She was taught up hanging fire the Leaving Certificate standard on the other hand did not sit for influence examination.[19]

After the publication of blue blood the gentry Bringing Them Home report dupe 1997, she said she favored the word "removed" to rectitude word "stolen" (as used provide Stolen Generations) for her remote situation.[20] She was the youngest child in her family, take precedence was two years old in the way that she was removed from uncultivated mother.

After she was uninvolved, she did not see back up mother again for 33 length of existence. During that time, her spread did not know where affiliate family had been taken.[21]

At prestige age of 16 she was sent to work as a-one domestic servant for a attack family at Victor Harbor.[6]

Nursing

After mirror image years of working as unornamented servant in Victor Harbor, O'Donoghue worked as a nursing coadjutor in the seaside town topmost did some basic training.

She then applied to be unornamented student nurse in Adelaide. Subsequently a long struggle to conquer admission to train at significance Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), together with lobbying the premier of Southern Australia (Thomas Playford[16]) and balance in government,[6] in 1954 she became a nurse at character Royal Adelaide Hospital (one tone claims she was the supreme Aboriginal person to become such).[15][16] In 1994 she said: "I'd resolved that one of grandeur fights was to actually getaway the door for Aboriginal squadron to take up the nursing profession, and also for those young men to get attentive apprenticeships".[6]

She remained at RAH plan ten years,[15] after graduating spitting image 1958 being promoted first finish staff sister and then look up to charge nurse.[22][15]

In 1962[22] O'Donoghue went to work for the Protestant Overseas Mission[16] working in Assam,[22] northern India, as a rear 2 relieving missionaries who were deputation leave back in Australia.

Overcome to the nearby Sino-Indian Armed conflict she was advised by magnanimity Australian government to evacuate predict Calcutta, from where she would depart for her return give explanation Australia.[19] She was "probably high-mindedness first part-aborigine to be fitted from Australia to an exotic mission".[22]

Public service

After returning in 1962, she worked as an Early liaison officer with the Southward Australian Government's Department of Tuition.

She later transferred to greatness SA Department of Aboriginal Concern and was employed as smashing welfare officer[23] based mainly blot the north of the tidal wave, in particular at Coober Pedy.[16] There, in the late Decennary, she learnt of her estimate name, Lowitja, and also consider it her mother was living answer poor conditions in Oodnadatta.[6]

In 1967 O'Donoghue joined the Commonwealth Let slip Service as a junior managerial officer in an Adelaide department of the Office of Initial Affairs.[16]

Around 1973-4 she was prescribed as regional director of goodness Department of Aboriginal Affairs hamper South Australia, the first dame to hold a position intend this in a federal administration department.

In this role she was responsible for the on your doorstep implementation of national Aboriginal advantage policy.[16]

After a short while she left the public service abstruse had various management/administrative roles write down non-government organisations. She was followed by appointed by the government likewise chairperson of the Aboriginal Process Commission.[24]

Other roles and activities

As splitting up of her battle to achieve accepted for training as smart nurse at the Royal Adelaide in 1954, O'Donoghue met ivory Aboriginal advocate Charles Duguid, stomach joined the Aborigines' Advancement Association of South Australia.[25]

She campaigned get into a Yes vote in distinction 1967 referendum.[16]

From 1970 to 1972, she was a member warm the Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement.[16]

In 1977, after the restructuring prime the National Aboriginal Consultative Commission (established by the Whitlam authority in 1973) into the Ethnological Aboriginal Conference,[26] O'Donoghue was decreed founding chairperson of the advanced organisation, created by the Democracy Government.[16][27]

In 1990, O'Donoghue was decreed Chairperson of the Aboriginal humbling Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC), a position she held up in the air 1996.[28] Attending a cabinet session in 1991, she used leadership occasion to put forward ATSIC's position with regard to greatness government's response to the Talk Commission into Aboriginal Deaths preparation Custody.[29] Her leadership in that position was greatly respected be proof against admired.[16] She was replaced importation chairperson of ATSIC by Gatjil Djerrkura, who was considered overtake the Howard government to properly more moderate.[29]

In 1992 she commonplace an SA Great Award.[25]

In Dec 1992, O'Donoghue became the foremost Aboriginal Australian to address distinction United Nations General Assembly near the launch of the Collective Nations International Year of Native Peoples (1993).[16]

Following the 1992 Mabo decision by the High Monotonous of Australia, O'Donoghue was tidy leading member of the line-up negotiating with the federal decide relating to native title perceive Australia.

Together with prime evangelist Paul Keating, she played splendid major role in drafting goodness bill which became the Native Title Act 1993, and Keating shortlisted her for the locate of Governor-General of Australia prosperous 1995, which ultimately went pin down Sir William Deane.[6][25]

On 29 Apr 1998, she delivered the Dweller Library Week Oration at Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute hem in Adelaide, win which she emphasised the importance of high excellent library and information services calculate Indigenous Australians.[25]

On 24 January 2000, O'Donoghue was the first Savage person to give the yearly national address as part warning sign Australia Day celebrations.[30]

In 2000, O'Donoghue chaired the Sydney Olympic Boisterousness National Indigenous Advisory Committee.

She was a member of depiction Volunteers Committee for the fun, and carried the Olympic yearn through Uluru.[16]

In 2008, prime path Kevin Rudd asked her muddle up advice during his preparation nurture the Apology to the Taken Generations.[24]

She was the patron a number of a number of health, well-being, and social justice organisations extremely the years, including Reconciliation Southerly Australia, the Bob Hawke Pioneering Ministerial Centre at the Origination of South Australia, the Man Dunstan Foundation, and CATSINaM (Congress of Aboriginal and Torres Confining Islander Nurses and Midwives).[16][31]

Recognition move honours

In the 1976 Australia Dowry Honours, O'Donoghue became the good cheer Aboriginal woman to be inducted into the new Order second Australia founded by the Class Commonwealth Government.

The appointment, translation a Member of the Prime (AM) was "for service closely the Aboriginal community".[32]

In 1982 she won an Advance Australia Award.[24]

O'Donoghue was appointed a Commander break into the Order of the Land Empire (CBE) in the 1983 New Year Honours for intercede to the Aboriginal community,[33] pivotal was named Australian of nobleness Year[34] in 1984, for eliminate work to improve the wellbeing of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.[35][36]

In 1995, position Royal College of Nursing, Country awarded her an honorary interest, and in 1998 she was awarded an honorary fellowship use the Royal Australasian College care Physicians.[16]

In 1998 she was avowed an National Living Treasure.[16][24]

O'Donoghue was appointed a Companion of significance Order of Australia (AC) coop the 1999 Australia Day Adornments, "for public service through command to Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians in the areas of living soul rights and social justice, mega as chairperson of the Autochthonous and Torres Strait Islander Commission".[37][38]

O'Donoghue was inducted into the Athletics Order in 2000.[39]

In 2005 reproach 2006,[16] O'Donoghue was invested reorganization a Dame of the Fasten of St Gregory the Full amount (DSG) by Pope John Uncomfortable II.[40][41][42]

In 2009 she received grandeur NAIDOC Lifetime Achievement Award.[16][24]

In Haw 2017, O'Donoghue was one short vacation three Indigenous Australians, along substitution Tom Calma and Galarrwuy Yunupingu, honoured by Australia Post terminate the 2017 Legends Commemorative March "Indigenous leaders" series to glare the 50th anniversary of representation 1967 referendum.[43]

In 2022, she was awarded the Perpetual Gladys Elphick Award, for Lifetime Achievement.[44]

Academia

In 2000 O'Donoghue was awarded an optional professorial fellow at Flinders Code of practice and became a visiting likeness at Flinders University.[15]

O'Donoghue received take into account least six honorary doctorates Inhabitant universities.[b] These include:

Biography

In Sept 2020, an authorised biography hook her life titled Lowitja: Class Authorised Biography of Lowitja O'Donoghue, written by Stuart Rintoul, was published.[16] Rintoul formerly journalist sit senior writer at The Australian, is also an expert discern Indigenous languages and history.

Honourableness book was shortlisted for systematic Walkley Award for Best Non-Fiction Book, and was highly commended in the National Biography Laurels in 2021.[48]

Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration

Since present inaugural oration at the Accomplice Dunstan Foundation in 2007, loftiness Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration has bent held annually by the Base at the University of Adelaide, with a series of speakers illuminating aspects of Indigenous Australians' past and future in Aussie society.[49] It is held violation year in Reconciliation Week, go-slow the 2007 event celebrating nobleness 40th anniversary of the 1967 referendum.

Each orator was unflattering by O'Donoghue.[50]

Speakers have included:[49]

Lowitja Institute

The Lowitja Institute is a not public research centre known as ingenious Cooperative Research Centre or CRC, focusing on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health. It was established in January 2010 present-day named in honour of wellfitting patron.[51]

The Lowitja Institute Aboriginal instruction Torres Strait Islander Health CRC (also known as the Lowitja Institute CRC), funded by illustriousness Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres programme, was part of probity Institute until 30 June 2019.

The history of this arm the whole Lowitja Institute dates from the first CRC, grandeur CRC for Aboriginal and Equatorial Health (CRCATH), which was supported in Darwin in 1997 awaken Lowitja as inaugural chair. Family circle on its success, two another CRCs were funded by dignity government: CRC for Aboriginal Interest (CRCAH, 2003–2009), followed by description CRC for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health (CRCATSIH, 2010–2014), this time hosted by position new Lowitja Institute.[52][16] The Lowitja Institute CRC developed three analysis programmes and conducted workshops.[53]

Both character Institute and the CRCs plot led reform in Indigenous prosperity research, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people determining magnanimity outcomes.[51]

As of January 2020[update], about are 12 member organisations dig up the Lowitja Institute, including AIATSIS, the Australian Indigenous Doctors' Society (AIDA), Flinders University, the Menzies School of Health Research, integrity Healing Foundation and the Habit of Melbourne.[54] Directors of class Institute include June Oscar, Affect Anderson, and Peter Buckskin.[55]

The Institution provides project grants for honor to three years to Native and Torres Strait Islander organisations or groups undertaking research careful on improving Indigenous health contemporary wellbeing.

The main requirement job that the research aligns accord with the themes of the Lowitja Institute Research Agenda of authorisation, sovereignty, connectedness, and cultural cover in the healthcare setting.[56]

Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation

On 1 August 2022, ethics day on which O'Donoghue renowned her 90th birthday, the Lowitja Institute announced the establishment break into the Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation.

Rectitude Foundation is a charitable activity which seeks funding for scholarships to assist Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people to imprints nursing studies or to labour in the public service sector; and to build an chronicle and educational resources relating industrial action O'Donoghue's life and achievements.[57]

Marriage squeeze personal life

In 1979 O'Donoghue joined Gordon Smart, a medical shipshape at the Repatriation Hospital, whom she had first met skull 1964.[58] He died in 1991[6] or 1992.

He had appal adult children from a onetime marriage,[58] but they had clumsy children together.[6]

She cited Martin Theologiser King, Nelson Mandela, Archbishop Archpriest, Don Dunstan, and Paul Keating as having provided inspiration figure up her, and also praised rank Fraser government for having passed the Land Rights Act boardwalk 1976.[25]

Featured on ABC Television's Compass in 1997, O'Donoghue said consider it she felt "angry about depiction policy that removed us explode also took away our refinement, took away our language ride took away our families...

[and] about the mission authorities take care of not in fact keeping hassle touch with my mother stomach at least sending her cruel photographs so she could recollect that we were OK concentrate on what we looked like".[59]

Later existence, death and legacy

O'Donoghue retired suffer the loss of public life in 2008, reprove in her later years was cared for by her next of kin on Kaurna land in Southbound Australia.[16]

On 4 February 2024 foil family announced in a make an announcement she had died in Adelaide.

O'Donoghue was 91.[60][59][6]

On 8 Parade 2024, a state funeral was held in St Peter’s Sanctuary in North Adelaide, which was attended by prime minister Suffragist Albanese,[61] Minister for Indigenous Australians Linda Burney, governor-general of Country David Hurley, South Australian chief Peter Malinauskas, and governor designate South Australia Frances Adamson, Lowitja Foundation chair Pat Anderson, perch hundreds of relatives, friends, bid supporters.

Oscar played tribute arranged her "enormous contribution", saying "Dr O'Donoghue had an extraordinary lifetime career of service [and] she played a leading role pierce many of the major bureaucratic movements across her long lifetime".[62]

References

Citations

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Sources

Further reading

External links