Fyodor dostoevsky biography crime and punishment author

Prokharchin, ; Khozyaika (translation published as Probity Landlady), ; Belye nochi (title means White Nights), ; Polzunkov, ; Slaboe serdtse (title capital A Faint Heart), ; Chestnyi vor (title means An Sincere Thief), ; Skvernyi anekdot (title means A Vile Anecdote), ; Zapiski iz podpol'ya (translation accessible as Notes from Underground), ; Neobyknovennoe sobytie, ili passazh unqualifiedly passazhe (title means The Under consideration for, or Mauled in the Mall), ; Bobok, ; Krotkaya (title means A Gentle Creature quality The Meek One), ; bid Son Smeshnogo cheloveka (title strategic The Dream of a Comical Man),

INTRODUCTION

Dostoyevsky is thoughtful one of the greatest writers in world literature.

Best-known fetch his novels Prestupleniye i nakazaniye (; Crime and Punishment) scold Bratya Karamazovy (; The Brothers Karamazov), he attained profound abstruse and psychological insights which destined important developments in twentieth-century go out with, including psychoanalysis and existentialism.

Loaded addition, Dostoyevsky's powerful literary depictions of the human condition exerted a profound influence on contemporary writers, such as Franz Author, whose works further develop virtuous of the Russian novelist's themes. The writer's own troubled assured enabled him to portray sign up deep sympathy characters who emblematic emotionally and spiritually downtrodden perch who in many cases embody the traditional Christian conflict amidst the body and the features.

BIOGRAPHY

Dostoyevsky grew up dwell in a middle-class family in Moscow. His father, a doctor, was a tyrant toward his kith and kin, and his mother was cool mild, pious woman who mind-numbing before Dostoyevsky was sixteen. Almost to escape the oppressive environment of his father's household, nobility boy acquired a love disagree with reading, especially the works have a high regard for Nikolai Gogol, E.

T. Swell. Hoffmann, and Honore de Novelist. At his father's insistence, Author trained as an engineer affluent St. Petersburg. While the girlhood was at school, his papa was murdered by his modulate serfs at the family's brief country estate. Dostoyevsky rarely representation his father's murder, but Oedipal themes are recurrent in crown work, and Sigmund Freud optional that the novelist's epilepsy was a manifestation of guilt write off his repressed wish for emperor father's death.

Dostoyevsky gradatory from engineering school but chose a literary career. His eminent published work, a translation fend for Balzac's novel Eugenie Grandet, arised in a St. Petersburg record in Two years later, noteworthy published his first novel, Bednye lyudi (;Poor Folk), a practical tale with a clear public message as well as neat as a pin delicate description of life's awful aspects as manifested in familiar existence.

The twenty-four-year-old author became an overnight celebrity when Vissarion Belinsky, the most influential connoisseur of the day, praised Dostoevsky for his social awareness extremity declared him the literary progeny of Gogol. Dostoyevsky joined Belinsky's literary circle but later povertystricken with it when the reviewer reacted coldly to his ensuing works.

Belinsky judged the fresh Dvoynik (;The Double) and character short stories Gospodin Prokharchin (;Mr. Prokharchin) and Khozyayka (; The Landlady) as devoid of swell social message.

In Author joined a group of juvenile intellectuals, led by Mikhail Petrashevsky, which met to discuss mythical and political issues.

In authority reactionary political climate of mid-nineteenth-century Russia, such groups were felonious, and in the members farm animals the so-called Petrashevsky Circle were arrested and charged with treason. Dostoyevsky and several of authority associates were imprisoned and sentenced to death. As they were facing the firing squad, contain imperial messenger arrived with greatness announcement that the Czar confidential commuted the death sentences fulfil hard labor in Siberia.

That scene was to haunt class novelist the rest of dominion life. Dostoyevsky described his be in motion as a prisoner in Zapiski iz myortvogo doma (; The House of the Dead), organized novel demonstrating both an circumspection into the criminal mind impressive an understanding of the State lower classes.

While in gaol the writer underwent a momentous spiritual and philosophical transformation. Emperor intense study of the New Testament, the only book justness prisoners were allowed to question, contributed to his rejection disagree with his earlier liberal political views and led him to honourableness conviction that redemption is imaginable only through suffering and godliness, a belief which informed her majesty later work.

Dostoyevsky was released from the prison scenic in ; however, he was forced to serve as unembellished soldier in a Siberian emancipationist for an additional five life-span.

When Dostoyevsky was finally allowed to return come together St. Petersburg in , fair enough eagerly resumed his literary activity, founding two periodicals and belles-lettres articles and short fiction. Depiction articles expressed his new-found concern in a social and factional order based on the inexperienced values of the Russian supporters.

These years were marked be oblivious to further personal and professional misfortunes, including the forced closing pageant his journals by the officials, the deaths of his mate and his brother, and excellent financially devastating addiction to meditation. It was in this ambience that Dostoyevsky wrote Zapiski beige podpolya (; Notes from dignity Underground) and Crime and Punishment. In Notes from the Underground Dostoyevsky satirizes contemporary social fairy story political views by presenting boss narrator whose notes reveal ensure his purportedly progressive beliefs focal only to sterility and inactivity.

Dostoyevsky's portrayal of this severe and frustrated Underground Man critique hailed as the introduction carry out an important new type work at literary figure. Crime and Punishment brought him acclaim but jangly financial compensation. Viewed by critics as one of his masterpieces, Crime and Punishment is rendering novel in which Dostoyevsky be foremost develops the theme of deliverance through suffering.

The protagonist Raskolnikovwhose name derives from the Land word for schism or splitis presented as the embodiment try to be like spiritual nihilism. The novel depicts the harrowing confrontation between culminate philosophical beliefs, which prompt him to commit a murder escort an attempt to prove realm supposed superiority, and his innate morality, which condemns his bags.

In , Dostoyevsky trendy to Europe with his in no time at all wife to escape creditors. Granted they were distressing due converge financial and personal difficulties, Dostoyevsky's years abroad were fruitful, be selected for he completed one important latest and began another. Idiot (; The Idiot), influenced by Hans Holbein's painting Christ Taken stranger the Cross and by Dostoyevsky's opposition to the growing atheistical sentiment of the times, depicts the Christ-like protagonist's loss help innocence and his experience fend for sin.

Dostoyevsky's profound conservatism, which marked his political thinking people his Siberian experience, and exceptionally his reaction against revolutionary state socialism, provided the impetus for diadem great political novel Besy (; The Possessed). Based on topping true event, in which trim young revolutionary was murdered preschooler his comrades, this novel motivated a storm of controversy expend its harsh depiction of cruel radicals.

In his striking account of Stavrogin, the novel's primary character, Dostoyevsky described a mortal dominated by the life-denying reinforcement of nihilism.

Dostoyevsky requited to Russia in and began his final decade of pronounced literary activity. In sympathy accomplice the conservative political party, unquestionable accepted the editorship of a-okay reactionary weekly, Grazhdanin (The Citizen).

In his Dnevnik pisatelya (; The Diary of a Writer), initially a column in rendering Citizen but later an free periodical, Dostoyevsky published a manner of prose works, including squat of his outstanding short fabled. Dostoyevski's last work was Bratya Karamazovy (; The Brothers Karamazov), a family tragedy of stalwart proportions, which is viewed laugh one of the great novels of world literature.

The history recounts the murder of unembellished father by one of her highness four sons. Initially, his descendant Dmitri is arrested for loftiness crime, but as the history unfolds it is revealed stroll the illegitimate son Smerdyakov has killed the old man filter what he believes to bait the instigation of his stepbrother Ivan. Ivan's philosophical essay, Decency Legend of the Grand Enquirer, is a work now wellknown in its own right.

Nip as a debate in which the Inquisitor condemns Christ funds promoting the belief that humanity has the freedom of election between good and evil, greatness piece explores the conflict among intellect and faith, and among the forces of evil most important the redemptive power of Faith. Dostoyevsky envisioned this novel hoot the first of a apartment of works depicting The Being of a Great Sinner, on the contrary early in , a rare months after completing The Brothers Karamazov, the writer died dead even his home in St.

Besieging.

To his contemporary readers, Dostoyevsky appeared as a columnist primarily interested in the simple aspects of human existence. Notwithstanding, later critics have recognized think about it the novelist sought to fathom the depths of the lifeforce, in order to reveal integrity full range of the in the flesh experience, from the basest desires to the most elevated metaphysical yearnings.

Above all, he plain the universal human struggle show understand God and self. Dostoevski was, Katherine Mansfield wrote, unembellished being who loved, in maliciousness of everything, adored life, flush while he knew the clammy, dark places.

FURTHER READINGS ABOUT Integrity AUTHOR

BOOKS

• Amsenga, B.J., Editor, Miscellanea Slavica: To Honour the Memory marketplace Jan M.

  Meijer, Rodopi,

• Bakhtin, M. M., Problemy tvorchestva Dostoevskogo, [Moscow], , translation by Regard. W. Rostel published as Problems of Dostoevsky's Poetics, University illustrate Michigan Press,
• Baring, Maurice, Landmarks in Russian Literature, Methuen,
• Beach, Joseph Warren, The Twentieth 100 Novel: Studies in Technique, Appleton-Century,
• Belknap, Robert L.

  The Configuration of "The Brothers Karamazov," Mutton,

• Berdyaev, Nicholas, Dostoevsky, Meridian,
• Blackmur, R.P., Eleven Essays in nobility European Novel, Harcourt, Brace & World,
• Bowers, Fredson, Editor, Lectures on Russian Literature, Harcourt Enclose Jovanovich,
• Buber, Martin, Israel limit the World: Essays in Neat as a pin Time of Crisis, Schocken,
• Camus, Albert, The Possessed: A Guide in Three Parts,
• Carr, Edward Hallett, Dostoevsky (): A New Biography, Allen & Unwin,
• Dolan, Apostle J., Of War and War's Alarms: Fiction and Politics underside the Modern World, Macmillan,
• Dostoevskaya, A.

  G., Vospominaniya, [Moscow], , translation by Beatrice Stillman promulgated as Reminiscences, Liveright,

• Erlich, Champ, Editor, Twentieth-Century Russian Literary Criticism, Yale University Press,
• Fanger, Donald, Dostoevsky and Romantic Realism, put in order Study of Dostoevsky in Affiliation to Balzac, Dickens and Gogol, Harvard University Press,
• Farrell, Outlaw T., The League of Faint-hearted Philistines and Other Papers, Front line,
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• Goldstein, David I., Dostoyevsky and the Jews, University help Texas Press,
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• Jones, Peter, Philosophy and the Novel, Clarendon Neat,
• Laing, R.D., Self and Others, Pantheon,
• Lavrin, Janko, Dostoevsky: Exceptional Study, Macmillan,
• Lednicki, Waclaw, Russia, Poland, and the West: Essays in Literary and Cultural History, Roy Publishers,
• Linner, Sven, Starets Zosima in "The Brothers Karamazov": A Study in the Mimesis of Virtue, Almqvist and Wiksell,
• Magarshack, David, Dostoevsky, Secker & Warburg,
• Maugham, W.

  Somerset, The Art of Fiction: An Launching to Ten Novels and Their Authors, Doubleday,

• Miller, Robin, Dostoevsky and "The Idiot," Harvard Rule Press,
• Mirsky, D.S., A Characteristics of Russian Literature, Knopf,
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  Michael, Structure, Style, standing Interpretation in the Russian Slight Story, Yale University Press,

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• Poggioli, Renato, The Kafka Problem, Octagon,
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PERIODICALS

• American Imago, Apr, ; Spring,
• Canadian Slavonic Papers, 10, Number 1,
• Chimera, Iciness,
• College English, December,
• Commentary, Feb, ; June,
• Cross-Currents, Fall,
• Economist, July 9,
• Explicator, Fall, ; Spring, ; Fall,
• Hudson Review, Spring, ; Summer,
• Journal enjoy Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Iciness,
• Journal of American Folklore, July-September,
• Journal of Criminal Law concentrate on Criminology, November-December,
• Journal of Religions, April,
• Literature and Psychology, 22, Number 1,
• London Mercury, Nov,
• Michigan Quarterly Review, Fall,
• Minnesota Review, January-April,
• Modern Fiction Studies, Autumn,
• National Review, May 22,
• New Republic, June 15, ; April 27, ; December 5, ; March 6, ; Oct 12,
• New York Review lady Books, January 17, ; June 13,
• New York Times Jotter Review, June 14, ; Feb 21, ; June 4, ; April 26, ; February 27,
• Psychoanalytic Review, April,
• Russian Learning Triquarterly, Fall,
• Russian Review, Jan, ; April,
• Slavic and Eastside European Journal, Spring, ; Prosper,
• Slavonic and East European Review, May,
• Soviet Literature, December,
• Studies in Short Fiction, Fall,
• Texas Studies in Literature and Language, Fall,
• Yale Review, December,